Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Deskripsi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Field Trip Berbantuan Video 360°

Abstract

Purpose – This study investigates the impact of a field trip learning method supported by 360° educational videos on the descriptive essay-writing skills of students. The primary aim is to resolve students' limitations in idea development, detailed visual observation, and coherent essay organization by integrating physical exploration with immersive visual reconstruction.
Methods – A quantitative pre-experimental approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 22 fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 20 Mendo Barat, selected via saturation sampling. Data were collected through descriptive writing tests evaluated using a 5 aspect analytic rubric. Statistical analysis was executed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test via SPSS version 26.
Findings – The mean score increased significantly from 66.36 on the pretest to 83.86 on the posttest. Because the posttest data were not normally distributed (p = 0,007), the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was utilized, yielding p < 0,001 and Z-value of -4.041. The largest improvement occurred in the essay structure aspect (mean gain of 0.95), confirming that the intervention significantly enhanced students' descriptive writing competencies.
Research Implications – The main limitation of this research is the pre-experimental design lacking a control group or isolated treatment groups, which prevents attributing the observed gains exclusively to a synergistic effect rather than individual media components. Future research should employ quasi-experimental or factorial designs with multiple control groups to isolate media contributions and strengthen generalizability.